Impact of Charging Infrastructure on Electric Vehicle Sales: An Analysis from Counties in 13 US States

Adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), has become a priority for the government because of the constant threat of climate change. Over the years, government monetary incentives like tax credits, tax rebates, and other monetary subsidies are the leading way to increase electric vehicle sales in the United States. While these incentives are necessary to combat the high costs of electric vehicles (EVs), there hasn’t been too much attention given to combat range anxiety. Since EVs are run on lithium-ion batteries, there is a limited range for different EVs, with the maximum being around 400 miles on a full charge. Charging Infrastructure is a way to reduce range anxiety and further incentivize EVs in the United States. Many states have different incentives for private gas station owners to build charging stations to increase EVs in a state. I use an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model to see the impact of charging infrastructure on EV registration from the year 2018- 2022 on a county level in 13 states. In order to see the true effect of charging infrastructure, I control for monetary incentives using state * year interaction fixed effects, total vehicle registration in each of the counties, income, and population. I find that Charging Infrastructure has a positive significant relationship with EV registrations

Foreword

The Journal, in partnership with the Law of the Sea Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, is therefore proud to present a symposium on Multilateralism in International Ocean Resources Law. The authors represented in this symposium delivered papers last year at a conference organized by the Institute at the Boalt Hall School of Law, UC-Berkeley; and those papers have been extensively revised for publication in this issue

A schematic overview of the current status of male infertility practice.

The practice of male infertility has dramatically evolved over the past few decades. This has been achieved after the realization of the important contribution the male counterpart holds in the couple's infertility. It is also supported by a number of breakthroughs in the diagnosis and treatment of this medical condition. Several tests to investigate sperm quality and function were introduced along with refinements and/or institution of novel surgical techniques that can correct several causes of infertility. This manuscript is aimed at highlighting the current state of male infertility practice in a robust, schematic method addressing a broader audience involved in the treatment of male infertility

Antibiotics usage, how well we know it? KAP survey among the dentist population in Mumbai

Background: There is a rising concern for antibiotic resistance worldwide, the primary cause of which is overuse and misuse. This study primarily aimed at assessing the knowledge of dental practitioners regarding the current guidelines on use of antibiotics and to identify the shortcomings if any.Methods: Present study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted amongst 450 dental practitioners across Mumbai with the help of a self-designed questionnaire. The data was entered into excel sheets and appropriate statistical analysis was done with chi-square test using SPSS version 20.Results: The present study had a response rate of 95%. For the total percentage of patients examined each day that required systemic antibiotics, 36.9% (153) dentists answered 0-5%, followed by 25.3% (105) answered 10-15%. 76.1% (316) dentists came across patients who had self-prescribed antibiotics. 66% (274) dentists had never advised an antibiotic sensitivity/ culture test for their patients. 51.3% (213) dentists came across patients who did not respond to antibiotics. 87.2% (363) dentists were not aware about the ‘AWaRe’ classification of antibiotics given by WHO. 93.3% (383) dentists did not know about antimicrobial stewardship concept.Conclusions: The present study reflected antibiotic overuse and misuse to a certain extent by dental practitioners across Mumbai. Most dentists were unaware about ‘AWaRe’ classification and antimicrobial stewardship. Patient education on ill effects of self-prescription of antibiotics, identification of traits of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic culture tests needs to be prioritized by dentists

A novel approach to improving the reliability of manual semen analysis: a paradigm shift in the workup of infertile men.

Conventional semen analysis (SA) is an essential component of the male infertility workup, but requires laboratories to rigorously train and monitor technicians as well as regularly perform quality assurance assessments. Without such measures there is room for error and, consequently, unreliable results. Furthermore, clinicians often rely heavily on SA results when making diagnostic and treatment decisions, however conventional SA is only a surrogate marker of male fecundity and does not guarantee fertility. Considering these challenges, the last several decades have seen the development of many advances in SA methodology, including tests for sperm DNA fragmentation, acrosome reaction, and capacitation. While these new diagnostic tests have improved the scope of information available to clinicians, they are expensive, time-consuming, and require specialized training. The latest advance in laboratory diagnostics is the measurement of seminal oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). The measurement of ORP in an easy, reproducible manner using a new tool called the Male Infertility Oxidative Stress System (MiOXSYS) has demonstrated ORP's potential as a feasible adjunct test to conventional SA. Additionally, the measurement of ORP by this device has been shown to be predictive of both poor semen quality and male infertility. Assessing ORP is a novel approach to both validating manual SA results and identifying patients who may benefit from treatment of male oxidative stress infertility

Kinesthetics eXtreme: An External Infrastructure for Monitoring Distributed Legacy Systems

Autonomic computing - self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing applications, systems and networks - is widely believed to be a promising solution to ever-increasing system complexity and the spiraling costs of human system management as systems scale to global proportions. Most results to date, however, suggest ways to architect new software constructed from the ground up as autonomic systems, whereas in the real world organizations continue to use stovepipe legacy systems and/or build 'systems of systems' that draw from a gamut of new and legacy components involving disparate technologies from numerous vendors. Our goal is to retrofit autonomic computing onto such systems, externally, without any need to understand or modify the code, and in many cases even when it is impossible to recompile. We present a meta-architecture implemented as active middleware infrastructure to explicitly add autonomic services via an attached feedback loop that provides continual monitoring and, as needed, reconfiguration and/or repair. Our lightweight design and separation of concerns enables easy adoption of individual components, as well as the full infrastructure, for use with a large variety of legacy, new systems, and systems of systems. We summarize several experiments spanning multiple domains

Retrofitting Autonomic Capabilities onto Legacy Systems

Autonomic computing - self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing applications, systems and networks - is a promising solution to ever-increasing system complexity and the spiraling costs of human management as systems scale to global proportions. Most results to date, however, suggest ways to architect new software constructed from the ground up as autonomic systems, whereas in the real world organizations continue to use stovepipe legacy systems and/or build 'systems of systems' that draw from a gamut of disparate technologies from numerous vendors. Our goal is to retrofit autonomic computing onto such systems, externally, without any need to understand, modify or even recompile the target system's code. We present an autonomic infrastructure that operates similarly to active middleware, to explicitly add autonomic services to pre-existing systems via continual monitoring and a feedback loop that performs, as needed, reconfiguration and/or repair. Our lightweight design and separation of concerns enables easy adoption of individual components, independent of the rest of the full infrastructure, for use with a large variety of target systems. This work has been validated by several case studies spanning multiple application domains